Chronological Gazetteer of the works of E.W. Pugin
By GJ Hyland – 11 March 2010 This article is undergoing continual refinement, and is updated periodically.
APPENDIX
I: ONE TIME PARTNERS AND COLLABORATORS OF EW PUGIN
GC Ashlin • George Coppinger Ashlin (1837-1921)
Ashlin was born on 28th May 1837 at Carrigrenane, Co Cork, and was educated first in Liège, Belgium, and then, from 1851 at Oscott College, near Birmingham. He left Oscott in 1855, and became articled to EW Pugin the following year. Later that year, he moved with EW Pugin to London (where Ashlin's family were then resident), entering the Royal Academy Schools in March 1858. EW Pugin knew Ashlin probably on two accounts: from Ashlin being a at Oscott, where his brother Cuthbert Welby was a student, and in consequence of the fact that Ashlin's uncle, Thomas Stephen Coppinger, was married to Annette, the half-sister of Sir James Power, Bt, who had engaged AWN Pugin to design his domestic chapel at Edermine, the realisation of which, after the death of his father, fell to EW Pugin during 1858-59. Around this time, EW Pugin obtained the prestigious commission for the church of Ss Peter & Paul in Cork, but being aware of the difficulties his father had experienced in controlling his Irish commissions he decided to send Ashlin to Dublin (upon completion of his articles in 1860) to set up an office from where the Cork commission could be managed. Almost immediately, followed the commission for the Augustinian church in Dublin, and shortly after the laying of its Foundation Stone, EW Pugin took Ashlin into partnership with him, under the style Pugin & Ashlin, although the partnership applied only to works in Ireland. EW Pugin's UK partnership with Murray (vide infra) had by then ceased.
Not long after obtaining their most prestigious commission in 1867, namely, St Colman's Cathedral in Cobh, and within a year of Ashlin's marriage to EW Pugin's youngest sister, Mary, the partnership was, for some unknown reason, dissolved late in 1868. They, nevertheless, maintained some kind of working arrangement in order to progress the Augustinian church in Dublin and Cobh Cathedral. Around 1876, after the death of EW Pugin, Ashlin went into partnership (until c.1880) with CW and PP Pugin under the style Pugin, Ashlin & Pugin, who oversaw the execution of a number of projects that had originated with EW Pugin, such as the OMI church in Kilburn, and the Franciscan Church in Glasgow.
By 1880, Ashlin had exhausted his Gothic repertoire, and thereafter confined himself to Romanesque. He was elected President of the Royal Institute of Irish Architects in 1902, and died on 10 December 1921 in the house he had designed for himself at Killiney, Co Dublin.
Ashlin's practice was carried on by his nephew, Stephen Ashlin, in partnership with Thomas Coleman under the style Ashlin & Coleman. They designed the spire of Cobh Cathedral (built 1911-14).
Charles Henry Cuthbert Purcell (1874-1958) - a grandson of AWN Pugin, and the last member of the firm Pugin & Pugin - was trained in Ashlin's office. Purcell was the son of M Henry Purcell (d.1877) and his wife, Margaret, AWN Pugin's daughter by his third wife, Jane (née) Knill.
In its eight years of existence, the Pugin & Ashlin partnership was involved in at least 40 projects exclusively in Ireland, including some 27 churches/chapels, all but six of which were built, but not always to the original design - e.g. the church at Monkstown, Co Cork.
W Collingridge Barnett • William Collingridge Barnett (1845-1923)
William Collingridge Barnett was born in York in 1845 where his father, Francis, was a stained glass artist in firm of his father. William was one of four children, the others being Annette, Edmund Joseph & Thomas Jerome. Francis was a third generation glazier, both his father (John Joseph, 1786-1859) and grandfather having worked as glass-makers in the firm of Prince & Prest. By the early 1840s, JJ Barnett and his 3 sons had gone into glass staining, later restoring Mediaeval windows in York Minster. In 1853, after JJ Barnett's retirement, the firm broke up, and Francis went to Leith where he established an extensive glass staining business and studios premises, finally settling at 101 Constitution St in 1867.
In 1853, William entered Ampleforth where he was educated, after which he worked as an Architect's Clerk in Leith to where his father had moved his stained glass business in 1853. After the dissolution of the Pugin-Ashlin partnership, towards the end of 1868, Collingridge Barnett became EW Pugin's representative in Ireland, and between 1869 and 1873 superintended the building of what proved to be last Irish church that EW Pugin designed, namely that at Crosshaven. Prior to this, William's father had supplied stained glass to a number of EW Pugin churches (see Appendix II), including some in Ireland. In 1870, William married Mary Anne Vinten, daughter of Isaac & Marie Mary Vinten of Ramsgate, with whom they lived until at least 1871 (the Census of that year describing William as 'Architect'). Isaac Vinten was the founder of Friend, Vinten & Son, originally Cabinet Makers, Upholsterers and Undertakers of 165 High St, Ramsgate, who were engaged for EW Pugin's funeral in 1875; they later became Auctioneers, Land & Estate Agents.
In order to be near Crosshaven, the couple then moved to Cork, where all his four children were born. He subsequently returned to Leith, and after his father's death in 1880, continued the business under the style Barnett & Son, the Census of 1881 describing him as a 'Stained Glass Artist' resident at his father's old address, 101 Constitution St. He continued the business until his own death around 1923, when it passed to his sister Annette and his two daughters Frances & Mary. The most comprehensive scheme of glass by the firm is considered to be that at St Mary, Star of the Sea, the OMI parish church opposite their studio in Constitution St, Leith.
The Crosshaven church is the only building that Collingridge Barnett is known to have been involved with on behalf of EW Pugin.
J-B Béthune • Jean-Baptiste Béthune (Baron) (1821-1894)
Béthune was architect, painter of religious subjects and murals, painter of glass, watercolourist, draughtsman, and a relative of the Bishop of Bruges, the Rt Rev J-B Malou. Originally destined for a career in either politics or administration, he received his artistic training firstly at l'Academie de Coutrai in his home-town, and then as a pupil of Verhaegen and Génisson. Under Lauters, he distinguished himself as a draughtsman and watercolourist of landscapes. It was the sculptor Geerts who first introduced him to Mediæval Art, and, after contact with AWN Pugin and others, Béthune went on to become the foremost exponent of Gothic Revival in Belgium. With the help of J Hardman Jun, he established a stained glass workshop in Bruges in 1854, which moved to Ghent in 1858. His work includes the abbey of Maredsous, stained glass in numerous cathedrals, and mosaics in Aix-la Chapelle. Béthune's neo-gothic work was promoted as 'Christian Art' par excellence, and its principles were spread by the St Luke School of which he was a founder. The School's principal merit was to develop, thanks to its broad antiquarian knowledge-base, a typically Belgian version of Gothic revival architecture, thus opening the way for a revival of associated local artistic traditions.
Apart from his involvement in the building of the Basilica at Dadizele and to some extent also with that of the Kasteel St Michiels, the Kasteel van Loppem is the only known design collaboration with EW Pugin. After EW Pugin's death, Béthune furnished a design for the spire at Dadizele, which was a simplification of that projected originally by EW Pugin; it was built 1892-95.
JA Hansom • Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803-1882)
The architect and inventor JA Hansom was born in York on 26th October 1803, and was first apprenticed there to his father as a joiner. Displaying some ability as a draughtsman, he was released from his articles, and took up new ones with a Mr Phillips, an architect of some standing in York, and after completing them continued as a clerk in the same firm. After his marriage in 1825, he settled in Halifax where he became an assistant to the architect John Oates with whom he received his first opportunity to work in Gothic. One of the daughters of this marriage (Winifrede Mary) married George Edward Hardman, John Hardman, Jun's youngest son.
In 1828, he went into partnership with Edward Welch, a former colleague in Oates' office, a partnership that produced a quantity of work, both ecclesiastical and secular. In 1831, they independently submitted designs for Birmingham Town Hall, Hansom's, in a Classical Roman style, being accepted, but it resulted in his bankruptcy in 1834, after which he espoused radical socialism; 1834 saw also his invention of the famous 'Patent Safety Cab' that now bears his name. In 1842, Hansom founded the architectural journal The Builder, and between 1847 and 1852 practised from Preston where his church of St Walburge was built, 1850-54. After working briefly with AWN Pugin shortly before his death, he moved his practice to London where he took his younger brother Charles Francis into partnership in 1854, an early significant commission being Plymouth Cathedral (1856-58). Charles was the protégé of the Bishop of Birmingham, the Rt Rev Bernard Ullathorne OSB, who was Godfather to Charles' son, Edward, a relationship that was the source of much acrimony between EW Pugin and Ullathorne whom he accused, on more than one occasion, of nepotism in appointing Edward Hansom architect of a number of diocesan churches in preference to himself.
The partnership lasted until 1859 when Charles established his own practice in Bath with his son Edward Joseph as apprentice. JA Hansom then went into partnership with his eldest son, which lasted until 1861, when he approached EW Pugin with view to forming a partnership with him, to which he reluctantly agreed in 1862. Given the conditions imposed by EW Pugin*, however, the partnership was a very one-sided affair, which not unsurprisingly broke up acrimoniously after only a year. Hansom then took his second youngest son, Joseph Stanislaus (who had earlier been articled to him) into partnership, producing some of his best known works, including St Mary's (Servite) Priory (1874-75, 1879-80), London; Holy Name (1869-71), Manchester; St Philip Neri (1868-73), Arundel (now Arundel Cathedral); and St Aloysius (1875), Oxford (originally Jesuit; Oxford Oratory since 1990). In addition, he was responsible for a large amount of secular work. This final partnership with Joseph Stanislaus lasted eleven years until Hansom's retirement on 31st December 1879; he died in London on 29th June 1882.
There is only one confirmed collaboration with EW Pugin, namely, St Mary, Star of the Sea, Leith, 1852-54; this probably arose from the fact that shortly before AWN Pugin's death Hansom had worked briefly with him during the time he was preparing the designs for this church on behalf of Bishop Gillis.
* These conditions were revealed in a letter by EW Pugin to The Tablet dated 26 November 1863, wherein he explicitly stated that '.....Mr Hansom was in no way whatever to be connected with any designs of mine or commissions given to me, or to be allowed to visit my clients or works, and that the partnership regarded only works brought in by him.' Consistent with this is the report in The Building News (15 May 1863) of the opening of a church in Liskeard, Cornwall, which explicitly states that the architect of the building was Mr Hansom of the firm Pugin & Hansom. Although the report of the opening of the church of St Wilfrid, Ripon (1862) gives the architect as 'Joseph A Hansom, Esq., of St Augustine's, Ramsgate', there is no mention of Pugin & Hansom, despite the stated address being that of EW Pugin who, incidentally, designed the High Altar & reredos for this church; evidently, they worked quite independently.
J Murray • James Murray (1831-1863)
Murray was born in Armagh on 9th December 1831, less than three years before EW Pugin. He began his architectural pupillage with W Scott of Liverpool in 1846. After completing his articles, he was, for a time, in partnership with TD Barry in Liverpool, after which he set up his own practice in Coventry. (Barry was involved with the design of additions to Burton Closes.)
This lasted until 1856 when he left to join EW Pugin in London as his partner. Ashlin was a pupil of EW Pugin at this time.
In the same year, at the age of only 25, he was elected Fellow of the RIBA, the youngest ever, six years before EW Pugin. He was sponsored by G Gilbert Scott and Philip C Hardwick.
The Pugin-Murray partnership was short-lived, however, Murray returning to Coventry in c.1859 to practise on his own account, producing a considerable volume of interesting work, including Corn Exchanges in Banbury and St Albans, before dying four years later, on 24th October 1863, from consumption. Although he was denied his last wish to be buried in the shadow of AWN Pugin's church of St Augustine in Kenilworth, EW Pugin was present at his funeral in Coventry, having returned specially from Belgium.
There are four confirmed collaborations with EW Pugin: Our Lady & St Hubert's, Great Harwood, Albury Almshouses, St Peter's School, Woolwichand Croston Hall; two uncorroborated ones: Bantry Convent and the Minton Building, Stoke-on-Trent; and at least seven unexecuted designs.
GC Ashlin • George Coppinger Ashlin (1837-1921)
Ashlin was born on 28th May 1837 at Carrigrenane, Co Cork, and was educated first in Liège, Belgium, and then, from 1851 at Oscott College, near Birmingham. He left Oscott in 1855, and became articled to EW Pugin the following year. Later that year, he moved with EW Pugin to London (where Ashlin's family were then resident), entering the Royal Academy Schools in March 1858. EW Pugin knew Ashlin probably on two accounts: from Ashlin being a at Oscott, where his brother Cuthbert Welby was a student, and in consequence of the fact that Ashlin's uncle, Thomas Stephen Coppinger, was married to Annette, the half-sister of Sir James Power, Bt, who had engaged AWN Pugin to design his domestic chapel at Edermine, the realisation of which, after the death of his father, fell to EW Pugin during 1858-59. Around this time, EW Pugin obtained the prestigious commission for the church of Ss Peter & Paul in Cork, but being aware of the difficulties his father had experienced in controlling his Irish commissions he decided to send Ashlin to Dublin (upon completion of his articles in 1860) to set up an office from where the Cork commission could be managed. Almost immediately, followed the commission for the Augustinian church in Dublin, and shortly after the laying of its Foundation Stone, EW Pugin took Ashlin into partnership with him, under the style Pugin & Ashlin, although the partnership applied only to works in Ireland. EW Pugin's UK partnership with Murray (vide infra) had by then ceased.
Not long after obtaining their most prestigious commission in 1867, namely, St Colman's Cathedral in Cobh, and within a year of Ashlin's marriage to EW Pugin's youngest sister, Mary, the partnership was, for some unknown reason, dissolved late in 1868. They, nevertheless, maintained some kind of working arrangement in order to progress the Augustinian church in Dublin and Cobh Cathedral. Around 1876, after the death of EW Pugin, Ashlin went into partnership (until c.1880) with CW and PP Pugin under the style Pugin, Ashlin & Pugin, who oversaw the execution of a number of projects that had originated with EW Pugin, such as the OMI church in Kilburn, and the Franciscan Church in Glasgow.
By 1880, Ashlin had exhausted his Gothic repertoire, and thereafter confined himself to Romanesque. He was elected President of the Royal Institute of Irish Architects in 1902, and died on 10 December 1921 in the house he had designed for himself at Killiney, Co Dublin.
Ashlin's practice was carried on by his nephew, Stephen Ashlin, in partnership with Thomas Coleman under the style Ashlin & Coleman. They designed the spire of Cobh Cathedral (built 1911-14).
Charles Henry Cuthbert Purcell (1874-1958) - a grandson of AWN Pugin, and the last member of the firm Pugin & Pugin - was trained in Ashlin's office. Purcell was the son of M Henry Purcell (d.1877) and his wife, Margaret, AWN Pugin's daughter by his third wife, Jane (née) Knill.
In its eight years of existence, the Pugin & Ashlin partnership was involved in at least 40 projects exclusively in Ireland, including some 27 churches/chapels, all but six of which were built, but not always to the original design - e.g. the church at Monkstown, Co Cork.
W Collingridge Barnett • William Collingridge Barnett (1845-1923)
William Collingridge Barnett was born in York in 1845 where his father, Francis, was a stained glass artist in firm of his father. William was one of four children, the others being Annette, Edmund Joseph & Thomas Jerome. Francis was a third generation glazier, both his father (John Joseph, 1786-1859) and grandfather having worked as glass-makers in the firm of Prince & Prest. By the early 1840s, JJ Barnett and his 3 sons had gone into glass staining, later restoring Mediaeval windows in York Minster. In 1853, after JJ Barnett's retirement, the firm broke up, and Francis went to Leith where he established an extensive glass staining business and studios premises, finally settling at 101 Constitution St in 1867.
In 1853, William entered Ampleforth where he was educated, after which he worked as an Architect's Clerk in Leith to where his father had moved his stained glass business in 1853. After the dissolution of the Pugin-Ashlin partnership, towards the end of 1868, Collingridge Barnett became EW Pugin's representative in Ireland, and between 1869 and 1873 superintended the building of what proved to be last Irish church that EW Pugin designed, namely that at Crosshaven. Prior to this, William's father had supplied stained glass to a number of EW Pugin churches (see Appendix II), including some in Ireland. In 1870, William married Mary Anne Vinten, daughter of Isaac & Marie Mary Vinten of Ramsgate, with whom they lived until at least 1871 (the Census of that year describing William as 'Architect'). Isaac Vinten was the founder of Friend, Vinten & Son, originally Cabinet Makers, Upholsterers and Undertakers of 165 High St, Ramsgate, who were engaged for EW Pugin's funeral in 1875; they later became Auctioneers, Land & Estate Agents.
In order to be near Crosshaven, the couple then moved to Cork, where all his four children were born. He subsequently returned to Leith, and after his father's death in 1880, continued the business under the style Barnett & Son, the Census of 1881 describing him as a 'Stained Glass Artist' resident at his father's old address, 101 Constitution St. He continued the business until his own death around 1923, when it passed to his sister Annette and his two daughters Frances & Mary. The most comprehensive scheme of glass by the firm is considered to be that at St Mary, Star of the Sea, the OMI parish church opposite their studio in Constitution St, Leith.
The Crosshaven church is the only building that Collingridge Barnett is known to have been involved with on behalf of EW Pugin.
J-B Béthune • Jean-Baptiste Béthune (Baron) (1821-1894)
Béthune was architect, painter of religious subjects and murals, painter of glass, watercolourist, draughtsman, and a relative of the Bishop of Bruges, the Rt Rev J-B Malou. Originally destined for a career in either politics or administration, he received his artistic training firstly at l'Academie de Coutrai in his home-town, and then as a pupil of Verhaegen and Génisson. Under Lauters, he distinguished himself as a draughtsman and watercolourist of landscapes. It was the sculptor Geerts who first introduced him to Mediæval Art, and, after contact with AWN Pugin and others, Béthune went on to become the foremost exponent of Gothic Revival in Belgium. With the help of J Hardman Jun, he established a stained glass workshop in Bruges in 1854, which moved to Ghent in 1858. His work includes the abbey of Maredsous, stained glass in numerous cathedrals, and mosaics in Aix-la Chapelle. Béthune's neo-gothic work was promoted as 'Christian Art' par excellence, and its principles were spread by the St Luke School of which he was a founder. The School's principal merit was to develop, thanks to its broad antiquarian knowledge-base, a typically Belgian version of Gothic revival architecture, thus opening the way for a revival of associated local artistic traditions.
Apart from his involvement in the building of the Basilica at Dadizele and to some extent also with that of the Kasteel St Michiels, the Kasteel van Loppem is the only known design collaboration with EW Pugin. After EW Pugin's death, Béthune furnished a design for the spire at Dadizele, which was a simplification of that projected originally by EW Pugin; it was built 1892-95.
JA Hansom • Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803-1882)
The architect and inventor JA Hansom was born in York on 26th October 1803, and was first apprenticed there to his father as a joiner. Displaying some ability as a draughtsman, he was released from his articles, and took up new ones with a Mr Phillips, an architect of some standing in York, and after completing them continued as a clerk in the same firm. After his marriage in 1825, he settled in Halifax where he became an assistant to the architect John Oates with whom he received his first opportunity to work in Gothic. One of the daughters of this marriage (Winifrede Mary) married George Edward Hardman, John Hardman, Jun's youngest son.
In 1828, he went into partnership with Edward Welch, a former colleague in Oates' office, a partnership that produced a quantity of work, both ecclesiastical and secular. In 1831, they independently submitted designs for Birmingham Town Hall, Hansom's, in a Classical Roman style, being accepted, but it resulted in his bankruptcy in 1834, after which he espoused radical socialism; 1834 saw also his invention of the famous 'Patent Safety Cab' that now bears his name. In 1842, Hansom founded the architectural journal The Builder, and between 1847 and 1852 practised from Preston where his church of St Walburge was built, 1850-54. After working briefly with AWN Pugin shortly before his death, he moved his practice to London where he took his younger brother Charles Francis into partnership in 1854, an early significant commission being Plymouth Cathedral (1856-58). Charles was the protégé of the Bishop of Birmingham, the Rt Rev Bernard Ullathorne OSB, who was Godfather to Charles' son, Edward, a relationship that was the source of much acrimony between EW Pugin and Ullathorne whom he accused, on more than one occasion, of nepotism in appointing Edward Hansom architect of a number of diocesan churches in preference to himself.
The partnership lasted until 1859 when Charles established his own practice in Bath with his son Edward Joseph as apprentice. JA Hansom then went into partnership with his eldest son, which lasted until 1861, when he approached EW Pugin with view to forming a partnership with him, to which he reluctantly agreed in 1862. Given the conditions imposed by EW Pugin*, however, the partnership was a very one-sided affair, which not unsurprisingly broke up acrimoniously after only a year. Hansom then took his second youngest son, Joseph Stanislaus (who had earlier been articled to him) into partnership, producing some of his best known works, including St Mary's (Servite) Priory (1874-75, 1879-80), London; Holy Name (1869-71), Manchester; St Philip Neri (1868-73), Arundel (now Arundel Cathedral); and St Aloysius (1875), Oxford (originally Jesuit; Oxford Oratory since 1990). In addition, he was responsible for a large amount of secular work. This final partnership with Joseph Stanislaus lasted eleven years until Hansom's retirement on 31st December 1879; he died in London on 29th June 1882.
There is only one confirmed collaboration with EW Pugin, namely, St Mary, Star of the Sea, Leith, 1852-54; this probably arose from the fact that shortly before AWN Pugin's death Hansom had worked briefly with him during the time he was preparing the designs for this church on behalf of Bishop Gillis.
* These conditions were revealed in a letter by EW Pugin to The Tablet dated 26 November 1863, wherein he explicitly stated that '.....Mr Hansom was in no way whatever to be connected with any designs of mine or commissions given to me, or to be allowed to visit my clients or works, and that the partnership regarded only works brought in by him.' Consistent with this is the report in The Building News (15 May 1863) of the opening of a church in Liskeard, Cornwall, which explicitly states that the architect of the building was Mr Hansom of the firm Pugin & Hansom. Although the report of the opening of the church of St Wilfrid, Ripon (1862) gives the architect as 'Joseph A Hansom, Esq., of St Augustine's, Ramsgate', there is no mention of Pugin & Hansom, despite the stated address being that of EW Pugin who, incidentally, designed the High Altar & reredos for this church; evidently, they worked quite independently.
J Murray • James Murray (1831-1863)
Murray was born in Armagh on 9th December 1831, less than three years before EW Pugin. He began his architectural pupillage with W Scott of Liverpool in 1846. After completing his articles, he was, for a time, in partnership with TD Barry in Liverpool, after which he set up his own practice in Coventry. (Barry was involved with the design of additions to Burton Closes.)
This lasted until 1856 when he left to join EW Pugin in London as his partner. Ashlin was a pupil of EW Pugin at this time.
In the same year, at the age of only 25, he was elected Fellow of the RIBA, the youngest ever, six years before EW Pugin. He was sponsored by G Gilbert Scott and Philip C Hardwick.
The Pugin-Murray partnership was short-lived, however, Murray returning to Coventry in c.1859 to practise on his own account, producing a considerable volume of interesting work, including Corn Exchanges in Banbury and St Albans, before dying four years later, on 24th October 1863, from consumption. Although he was denied his last wish to be buried in the shadow of AWN Pugin's church of St Augustine in Kenilworth, EW Pugin was present at his funeral in Coventry, having returned specially from Belgium.
There are four confirmed collaborations with EW Pugin: Our Lady & St Hubert's, Great Harwood, Albury Almshouses, St Peter's School, Woolwichand Croston Hall; two uncorroborated ones: Bantry Convent and the Minton Building, Stoke-on-Trent; and at least seven unexecuted designs.